Absolute PWAT
Region Midwest
United States
Europe
The readings under the map are for the whole map, not only the part shown.
GFS · Run 00Z 16 Oct · +0 h · Valid Fri 00Z 16 Oct
GFS · Run 00Z 16 Oct · +0 h · Valid Fri 00Z 16 Oct
Deepest column 70 mm at 20.0N 108.25W
Deepest column 69 mm at 20.0N 108.75W
Deepest column 68 mm at 20.0N 109.25W
Deepest column 64 mm, 240 km S of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
Deepest column 69 mm, 185 km S of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 110 km SW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 100 km NNE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 155 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 135 km E of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 150 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 145 km SSE of Homestead, Florida
Deepest column 67 mm, 215 km N of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 63 mm, 160 km N of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 160 km N of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 65 mm, 120 km NNE of Caibarién, Cuba
Deepest column 65 mm, 155 km NNW of Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 145 km WNW of Progreso, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 220 km WNW of Progreso, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 170 km WNW of Progreso, Mexico
Deepest column 67 mm at 21.5N 93.75W
Deepest column 67 mm, 55 km E of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 115 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 115 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 63 mm, 85 km ESE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 57 mm, 85 km ENE of Guantánamo, Cuba
Deepest column 57 mm near Tamuín, Mexico
Deepest column 57 mm at 21.75N 68.0W
Deepest column 58 mm at 22.75N 67.5W
Deepest column 59 mm, 50 km N of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 60 mm, 95 km ENE of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 60 mm, 65 km NW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 61 mm, 70 km W of Port-De-Paix, Haiti
Deepest column 65 mm, 200 km N of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 64 mm at 24.25N 71.25W
Deepest column 67 mm at 24.75N 72.25W
Deepest column 67 mm at 25.25N 71.25W
Deepest column 66 mm at 28.75N 67.75W
Deepest column 65 mm, 270 km SW of Hamilton, Bermuda
Deepest column 66 mm, 290 km SSW of Hamilton, Bermuda
Deepest column 66 mm, 260 km S of Hamilton, Bermuda
Deepest column 65 mm at 26.25N 66.5W
Deepest column 63 mm at 28.25N 65.25W
Deepest column 62 mm at 25.0N 66.5W
Deepest column 63 mm at 29.5N 65.5W
Deepest column 61 mm near Pánuco, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 40 km NE of Tamazunchale, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 180 km ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 63 mm, 120 km ENE of Ciudad Madero, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 70 km ENE of San Fernando, Mexico
Deepest column 70 mm, 60 km N of Harlingen, Texas
Deepest column 73 mm, 85 km ESE of Matamoros, Mexico
Deepest column 72 mm, 280 km E of Matamoros, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 30 km WNW of Houma, Louisiana
Deepest column 60 mm at 27.0N 92.0W
Deepest column 59 mm, 40 km ESE of Biloxi, Mississippi
Deepest column 60 mm near Enterprise, Alabama
Deepest column 58 mm, 70 km SE of Tallahassee, Florida
Deepest column 55 mm, 85 km WSW of Lake City, Florida
Deepest column 55 mm, 70 km NNE of Guantánamo, Cuba
Deepest column 58 mm, 145 km SSE of Freeport, Texas
Deepest column 62 mm, 70 km S of Matamoros, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 165 km ESE of Matamoros, Mexico
Deepest column 58 mm, 50 km SSE of Pensacola, Florida
Deepest column 62 mm, 100 km ENE of Tuxpam, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 290 km E of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
One GFS run, issued 00Z 16 Oct — played forward 6 hours at a time, from the analysis to 384 hours out.
Methodology
PWAT — precipitable water — is how much water vapour the air overhead holds, as the depth of water it would make if it all fell at once.
Six-hourly to 384 hours. GFS forecasts out to 384 hours.
The colours are a depth scale, the same everywhere: the cream band is a depth, not a normal. The same column is deep for Salt Lake City and shallow for Miami, so this map cannot say whether the air is unusual — the Relative to normal chart ranks each place against its own record, and that is the one to read for that.
GFS files this field as PWAT and ECMWF as total column water vapour, the same quantity. Uncorrected model output.
This map is drawn from model output we store ourselves, not from anyone's picture of it, and is based on data and products of NOAA. The per-city read of the same day — which cities the models are fighting about, and what the discussion makes of it — is on the national page. Every model's full forecast for any of these cities, or anywhere else, is in the beta: request an invite; it's free during the beta.
Sources and licences
- NOAA: GFS, from NOAA's NOMADS server. US government data, not subject to copyright (NOAA/NWS terms of use).
What we change: each field is cropped to the frame these maps share when we download it, and each map then smooths, contours, differences or ranks those numbers as its Methodology says. These are our maps of the providers' numbers, not their products, and none of them has reviewed or endorsed this site.
Coastlines, borders, lakes and place names: Natural Earth, public domain.