Absolute PWAT
Region Lower 48
United States
Europe
The readings under the map are for the whole map, not only the part shown.
ECMWF · Run 00Z 16 Oct · +0 h · Valid Fri 00Z 16 Oct
ECMWF · Run 00Z 16 Oct · +0 h · Valid Fri 00Z 16 Oct
Deepest column 65 mm, 45 km WNW of Cancún, Mexico
Deepest column 74 mm at 20.0N 108.75W
Deepest column 70 mm, 295 km S of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
Deepest column 65 mm, 240 km S of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 180 km SSW of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 35 km WSW of Tecuala, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 80 km E of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 110 km ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 125 km ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 69 mm, 90 km SW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 73 mm, 105 km W of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 73 mm, 145 km WNW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 70 mm, 105 km W of Tuxpan, Mexico
Deepest column 71 mm, 100 km SW of Escuinapa, Mexico
Deepest column 61 mm, 250 km WNW of Halachó, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 160 km NNW of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 63 mm, 65 km WSW of Mazatlán, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 220 km NNW of Paraíso, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 170 km NNW of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 62 mm, 245 km ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 61 mm, 115 km WNW of Campeche, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 115 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 61 mm, 115 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 65 km ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 57 mm near Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 58 mm near Tampico, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 35 km SE of Tamuín, Mexico
Deepest column 58 mm near Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 58 mm, 35 km W of Compostela, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 35 km W of Compostela, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 35 km W of Compostela, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 50 km ENE of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 62 mm, 60 km NNW of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 61 mm near Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 62 mm at 25.0N 70.25W
Deepest column 62 mm, 300 km NE of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 62 mm at 25.25N 66.75W
Deepest column 61 mm at 27.25N 66.25W
Deepest column 59 mm at 29.0N 66.0W
Deepest column 58 mm, 95 km WNW of Hamilton, Bermuda
Deepest column 59 mm at 22.25N 65.25W
Deepest column 56 mm, 50 km ENE of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 56 mm, 95 km NNE of Samaná, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 56 mm near Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 57 mm, 35 km W of Compostela, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 90 km SW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 61 mm, 150 km WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 67 mm, 200 km WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 65 mm, 150 km WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 150 km WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 30 km N of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 66 mm, 235 km W of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 64 mm, 160 km WSW of Tuxpan, Mexico
Deepest column 65 mm, 85 km SSW of Mazatlán, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 190 km NNE of Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 250 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 210 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 250 km NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 60 mm, 245 km N of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm, 300 km NW of Campeche, Mexico
Deepest column 59 mm near Progreso, Mexico
One ECMWF run, issued 00Z 16 Oct — played forward 6 hours at a time, from the analysis to 360 hours out.
Methodology
PWAT — precipitable water — is how much water vapour the air overhead holds, as the depth of water it would make if it all fell at once.
Six-hourly to 360 hours. ECMWF's 00Z and 12Z runs forecast out to 360 hours, its 06Z and 18Z runs to 144.
The colours are a depth scale, the same everywhere: the cream band is a depth, not a normal. The same column is deep for Salt Lake City and shallow for Miami, so this map cannot say whether the air is unusual — the Relative to normal chart ranks each place against its own record, and that is the one to read for that.
GFS files this field as PWAT and ECMWF as total column water vapour, the same quantity. Uncorrected model output.
This map is drawn from model output we store ourselves, not from anyone's picture of it, and is based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The per-city read of the same day — which cities the models are fighting about, and what the discussion makes of it — is on the national page. Every model's full forecast for any of these cities, or anywhere else, is in the beta: request an invite; it's free during the beta.
Sources and licences
- ECMWF: IFS, from ECMWF's open data. This service is based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Source: www.ecmwf.int. This ECMWF data is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). ECMWF does not accept any liability whatsoever for any error or omission in the data, their availability, or for any loss or damage arising from their use.
What we change: each field is cropped to the frame these maps share when we download it, and each map then smooths, contours, differences or ranks those numbers as its Methodology says. These are our maps of the providers' numbers, not their products, and none of them has reviewed or endorsed this site.
Coastlines, borders, lakes and place names: Natural Earth, public domain.