Absolute PWAT
ECMWF · Run 12Z 15 Oct · +0 h · Valid Thu 12Z 15 Oct
Region Lower 48
United States
Europe
The readings under the map are for the whole map, not only the part shown.
ECMWF · Run 12Z 15 Oct · +0 h · Valid Thu 12Z 15 Oct
Deepest column 2.44 in at 20.0N 108.5W
Deepest column 2.36 in near Tuxpan, Mexico
Deepest column 2.40 in, 25 mi W of Compostela, Mexico
Deepest column 2.53 in at 20.0N 108.75W
Deepest column 2.77 in at 20.0N 109.25W
Deepest column 2.60 in, 40 mi SSE of Cozumel, Mexico
Deepest column 2.44 in, 40 mi SSW of Cozumel, Mexico
Deepest column 2.65 in, 30 mi NW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.47 in, 40 mi ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.51 in, 60 mi E of Cozumel, Mexico
Deepest column 2.56 in, 85 mi NE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.55 in, 135 mi ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.64 in, 50 mi SSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.58 in, 35 mi WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.54 in, 120 mi NNE of Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.52 in, 120 mi NNW of Frontera, Mexico
Deepest column 2.54 in, 110 mi N of Paraíso, Mexico
Deepest column 2.51 in, 125 mi NNE of Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.47 in, 115 mi NNW of Paraíso, Mexico
Deepest column 2.49 in, 125 mi NNE of Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.54 in, 120 mi NNE of Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.46 in, 135 mi ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.40 in, 80 mi NE of Veracruz, Mexico
Deepest column 2.47 in, 100 mi ENE of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.47 in, 50 mi E of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.33 in near Poza Rica de Hidalgo, Mexico
Deepest column 2.23 in, 20 mi N of Ciudad Mante, Mexico
Deepest column 2.33 in near Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.32 in, 50 mi W of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.25 in, 25 mi NW of Nautla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.19 in, 20 mi S of Santiago Ixcuintla, Mexico
Deepest column 2.24 in, 30 mi NW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.19 in, 50 mi NNE of Nagua, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 2.40 in, 20 mi ENE of Port-De-Paix, Haiti
Deepest column 2.45 in, 40 mi NNW of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Deepest column 2.46 in, 105 mi N of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 2.47 in, 180 mi NNW of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 2.40 in at 25.75N 70.5W
Deepest column 2.40 in at 25.0N 70.25W
Deepest column 2.42 in at 28.75N 68.0W
Deepest column 2.41 in, 20 mi NNW of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 2.40 in at 29.25N 68.5W
Deepest column 2.44 in at 32.25N 68.5W
Deepest column 2.42 in at 33.5N 69.0W
Deepest column 2.47 in at 36.0N 65.75W
Deepest column 2.42 in at 36.75N 65.25W
Deepest column 2.48 in at 37.5N 65.75W
Deepest column 2.35 in at 38.0N 65.75W
Deepest column 2.22 in at 37.5N 65.0W
Deepest column 2.32 in at 25.75N 69.5W
Deepest column 2.25 in, 60 mi NNE of Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Deepest column 2.24 in, 155 mi WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.28 in, 170 mi WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.37 in, 125 mi WSW of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.36 in, 145 mi W of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.39 in, 130 mi W of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Deepest column 2.32 in at 20.0N 111.0W
Deepest column 2.33 in at 20.0N 109.0W
Deepest column 2.39 in, 30 mi SE of Reynosa, Mexico
Deepest column 2.33 in, 40 mi WNW of San Fernando, Mexico
Deepest column 2.36 in near Nautla, Mexico
One ECMWF run, issued 12Z 15 Oct — played forward 6 hours at a time, from the analysis to 360 hours out.
Methodology
PWAT — precipitable water — is how much water vapour the air overhead holds, as the depth of water it would make if it all fell at once.
Six-hourly to 360 hours. ECMWF's 00Z and 12Z runs forecast out to 360 hours, its 06Z and 18Z runs to 144.
The colours are a depth scale, the same everywhere: the cream band is a depth, not a normal. The same column is deep for Salt Lake City and shallow for Miami, so this map cannot say whether the air is unusual — the Relative to normal chart ranks each place against its own record, and that is the one to read for that.
GFS files this field as PWAT and ECMWF as total column water vapour, the same quantity. Uncorrected model output.
This map is drawn from model output we store ourselves, not from anyone's picture of it, and is based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The per-city read of the same day — which cities the models are fighting about, and what the discussion makes of it — is on the national page. Every model's full forecast for any of these cities, or anywhere else, is in the beta: request an invite; it's free during the beta.
Sources and licences
- ECMWF: IFS, from ECMWF's open data. This service is based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Source: www.ecmwf.int. This ECMWF data is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). ECMWF does not accept any liability whatsoever for any error or omission in the data, their availability, or for any loss or damage arising from their use.
What we change: each field is cropped to the frame these maps share when we download it, and each map then smooths, contours, differences or ranks those numbers as its Methodology says. These are our maps of the providers' numbers, not their products, and none of them has reviewed or endorsed this site.
Coastlines, borders, lakes and place names: Natural Earth, public domain.