The Spread

Deepest column 65 mm at 20.0N 134.75W

One GFS run, issued 00Z 14 Sep — played forward 6 hours at a time, from the analysis to 120 hours out.

Methodology

PWAT — precipitable water — is how much water vapour the air overhead holds, as the depth of water it would make if it all fell at once.

The colours are a depth scale, the same everywhere: the cream band is a depth, not a normal. The same column is deep for Salt Lake City and shallow for Miami, so this map cannot say whether the air is unusual — the Relative to normal chart ranks each place against its own record, and that is the one to read for that.

GFS files this field as PWAT and ECMWF as total column water vapour, the same quantity. Raw model output.

Every map on this page is drawn from model output we store ourselves, not from anyone's picture of it. The per-city read of the same day — which cities the models are fighting about, and what the discussion makes of it — is on the national page.